Patient Case 4

388 patients with unipolar depression, 74 men and 314 women.

The survey was carried out using the clinical psychopathological method and psychometric scales for depression.

There are gender differences for several parameters, with women being older and more often having comorbid somatic and organic disorders, and men having personality disorders and chronic depression.

Adult Participants (mean age, 43.4 years; 72.4% female) with confirmed MDD who reported a major depressive episode within the past 2 years, for which they had received pharmacologic treatment for ≥6 weeks.

This qualitative study uses facilitated focus-group sessions to collect data on the bothersome symptoms, quality of life, and treatment participants received for their most recent MDE.

The most commonly prescribed antidepressants were bupropion, escitalopram, and sertraline. The most frequently reported bothersome MDD symptoms were fatigue, lack of motivation/loss of interest, anxiety/panic, sadness, and lack of concentration/brain fog.

Late-life depression patients are people after the age of 65 years present dysphoria and anhedonia.

Antidepressants currently available can be divided into four pharmacological groups, which clinicians choose from based on the patient's symptoms, drug side effects profile, and concurrent medical illness.

The medications are effective ~75 % of the time with patients usually responding in 6-1 2 weeks. The medication regime commonly remains in force for 6-12 months after recovery because of the propensity for relapse.

The study included 84 subjects suffering from unipolar depression without psychotic features.

The control(CDS<70) and associated depersonalization group (CDS<70) are formed based on CDS score. The groups were compared with the intensity of depressive symptomatology, depressive symptoms frequency and the depressive symptoms duration.

Depression is more severe when it is unipolar. It has a bigger number of manifest symptoms which have a tendency to continuous duration. A special focus is on the negative impact on the occurrence and lasting presence of suicidal thoughts.

4,856 individuals (53% female) who experienced depressive symptoms in the previous year were assessed in up to four waves over a maximum of 12 years.

Patients were assessed for up to 12 years and reported the severity of 12 symptoms disaggregated from the nine DSM-III-R criteria for major depression and the self-identified cause of these symptoms, which were classified into nine categories of adverse life events.

The patterns of depressive symptoms associated with the 9 categories of adverse life events differed significantly, with the most notable differences being between deaths of loved ones and romantic breakups on one hand, and chronic stress and failures on the other.

2925 individuals with DSM-IV bipolar disorder recruited into the UK Bipolar Disorder Research Network

The prevalence of agitation in the most severe depressive episode was estimated in patients based on semi-structured interview and medical case-notes.

The study found that agitation was significantly associated with insomnia, poor concentration, decreased libido, suicidal ideation, slowed activity, and poor appetite, and that co-morbid panic disorder, suicide attempt, and dysphoric mania were significantly associated with AD over the lifetime illness course.

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) while taking antidepressants

The eligible studies focus on the use of at least one of 15 antidepressants and report data on treatment-emergent gastrointestinal SEs within 12 weeks of treatment.

All considered antidepressants showed higher rates of gastrointestinal SEs than placebo. The least tolerated antidepressants on the gastrointestinal tract are escitalopram and sertraline, while mirtazapine is the antidepressant with fewer side effects on the gut.

Multiple groups of patients with depression.

Clinical studies rom placebo-controlled and/or head-to-head comparisons of the ASRI escitalopram versus the SSRIs sertraline and paroxetine.

All three antidepressants are efficacious compared with placebo, but there is evidence that escitalopram is more effective than a range of other antidepressants.

Fatigue and depression patients

Fatigue and depression symptom profiles and classifications were generated using SOFA, general health questionnaire, etc; The study found that people with fatigue and depression are associated with differences in the preponderance of symptoms.

Individuals with either fatigue or depression have an approximately two-fold increased risk for comorbid presentation of both traits, compared to the general population. Depressed individuals were more likely to report all SOFA fatigue symptoms.

Fifty-eight women (29 with DD, 29 with SSD) reported subjective recent fatigue and chronic stress levels, as well as levels of depression and somatic complaints

Patients with DD, SSD, fatigue, stress, and depression completed an ambulatory assessment period measuring fatigue, stress, and salivary cortisol five times a day for 14 consecutive days.

Women with DD reported higher levels of general and mental fatigue than did women with SSD, which was explained by their higher level of depression.

765 participants with bipolar disorder.

Investigated the relationship between the deviation from the median WBC count and multinomial regression analysis between different WBC levels; Analysis were performed gender-specific, age, body mass index, smoking, race, and somatic diseases.

The overall MADRS score increased significantly for each 1.0×109/l deviation from the median WBC among 322 men (coefficient=1.10; 95% CI=0.32-1.89; p=0.006), but not among 443 women (coefficient=0.56; 95% CI=-0.19-1.31; p=0.14).

Patients under treatment with substances licensed for major depression.

A systematic review on seizures under treatment with substances licensed for major depression, where a total of 2291 articles were screened.

There is a moderate risk for clomipramine, quetiapine, amitriptyline, venlafaxine, citalopram, sertraline, trazodone, mirtazapine, paroxetine, bupropion, and escitalopram, and a negligible risk for fluoxetine and duloxetine.